Most non-Indian residents were soldiers stationed at Fort Dallas. Harney led several raids against the Indians. The area was affected by the Second Seminole War, during which Major William S. At about the same time, the Seminole Indians arrived, along with a group of runaway slaves. Some accepted Spanish land offers along the Miami River. People came from the Bahamas to South Florida and the Keys to hunt for treasure from the ships that ran aground on the treacherous Great Florida Reef. The first permanent European settlers arrived in the early 19th century. The Cubans sent two ships to help them, but Spanish illnesses struck and most of the Tequesta died. By 1711, the Tequesta sent a couple of local chiefs to Havana, Cuba, to ask if they could migrate there. After the Spaniards left, the Tequesta Indians were left to fend themselves from European-introduced diseases like smallpox. Spanish soldiers led by Father Francisco Villarreal built a Jesuit mission at the mouth of the Miami River a year later but it was short-lived. Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and his men made the first recorded landing when they visited the Tequesta settlement in 1566 while looking for Avilés' missing son, shipwrecked a year earlier. It is unknown whether he came ashore or made contact with the natives. His journal records he reached Chequescha, a variant of Tequesta, which was Miami's first recorded name. Juan Ponce de León was the first European to visit the area in 1513 by sailing into Biscayne Bay. The Tequesta are credited with making the Miami Circle. They buried the small bones of the deceased with the rest of the body, and put the larger bones in a box for the village people to see. The Tequesta Indians fished, hunted, and gathered the fruit and roots of plants for food, but did not practice agriculture. The inhabitants at the time of first European contact were the Tequesta people, who controlled much of southeastern Florida, including what is now Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and the southern part of Palm Beach County. The first inhabitants settled on the banks of the Miami River, with the main villages on the northern banks. The earliest evidence of Native American settlement in the Miami region came from about 12,000 years ago. See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in Miami-Dade County, Florida Native people East of the mainland, in Biscayne Bay, is Biscayne National Park and the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserves. To the west, the county extends into the Everglades National Park and is populated only by a Miccosukee tribal village. The county also includes portions of two national parks. Agricultural Redland makes up roughly one third of Miami-Dade County's inhabited land area, and is sparsely populated, a stark contrast to the densely populated, urban portions of the county northern sections. Southern Miami-Dade County includes the Redland and Homestead areas, which make up the agricultural economy of the county. The northern, central and eastern portions of the county are heavily urbanized with many high-rise buildings along the coastline, including Miami's Central Business District in Downtown Miami. It is home to 34 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas. Miami-Dade County is heavily Hispanic, and was the most populous majority-Hispanic county in the nation as of 2020. The county seat is Miami, the core of the nation's ninth largest and world's 34th largest metropolitan area with a 2020 population of 6.138 million people. It is also Florida's third largest county in terms of land area, with 1,946 square miles (5,040 km 2). The county had a population of 2,701,767 as of the 2020 census, making it the most populous county in Florida and the seventh-most populous county in the United States. Miami-Dade County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. Miami Homestead General Aviation Airport (X51).Miami-Opa Locka Executive Airport (OPF).
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